Emotional Intelligence

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The traditional intelligence test could measure only the cognitive aspect of one’s mental ability, but many psychologists like Gardner (1983) proposed that there are many forms of non-cognitive intelligence that affect our behaviour. He further noted that one’s intelligence quotient or IQ cannot explain cognitive ability fully. In the early 1990’s, John Mayer and Peter Salovey introduced and defined one of the most important non-cognitive intelligence: Emotional Intelligence (EI). In the Handbook of Intelligence (2000) they defined emotional intelligence (EI)  as “the ability to perceive and express emotion, assimilate emotion in thought, understand and reason with emotion, and regulate emotion in the self and others” (Mayer, Salovey, & Caruso, 2000, p. 396; see also Mayer & Salovey, 1997). Although Mayer and Salovey were responsible for introducing this term (EI) to the world of psychology it was Goleman’s (1995) bestselling book Emotional Intelligence: 

Mayer and Salovey proposed an integrative model approach to EI. According to them, EI comprised of the following four abilities: 

1) Perceiving and expressing emotions- it is the ability to identify and express emotions in one’s and other’s physical state, feeling and thoughts. 

2) Assimilating emotion in thoughts- the ability to use emotions to facilitate cognitive activities like thinking and problem-solving. 

3) Understanding and analyzing emotions- ability to understand the language of emotion.

 4) Regulation of emotions- the ability to regulate one’s and other’s emotions to achieve greater goals

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