शैक्षिक मूल्यांकन (EDUCATIONAL EVALUATION)

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हम जीवन में जन्म से मृत्यु तक किसी न किसी रूप में मूल्यांकन (Evaluation) करते रहते जीवन से मूल्यांकन का विलोप हो जाए तो जीवन का उद्देश्य ही कदाचित् समाप्त हो जायेगा । जीवन के हर क्षेत्र में इस विधा का प्रयोग करते हैं । मनोविज्ञान (psychology) और शिक्षा में तो यह और भी महत्त्वपूर्ण है । कौन व्यक्ति स्वार्थी है ? हर आदमी मतलबी होता है , जैसे कथनों का आधार मूल्यांकन ही है । मूल्यांकन द्वारा ही सावधानीपूर्वक यह निर्णय लिया जा सकता है कौन - सी वस्तु बुरी है या अच्छी है । मूल्यांकन , व्यक्ति या समाज के दृष्टिकोण से यह मानता है कि कौन - सी चीज अच्छी है या बुरी । इस प्रकार मूल्यांकन , समाज और व्यक्ति दोनों को ही अपने में समाहित करता है । हमारी शिक्षा भी इन्हीं दोनों को महत्त्व देती है । शैक्षिक क्षेत्र में किसी बालक का मूल्यांकन करते समय उसके वातावरण तथा सामाजिक पृष्ठभूमि को पूरी तरह से समझ लेना न केवल आवश्यक है वरन अनिवार्य भी है । किसी बालक को किस प्रकार की शिक्षा दी जाए इसका निश्चय बिना उसकी सामाजिक पृष्ठभूमि को जाने नहीं दिया जा सकता । पिछड़े बालक की समस्या भी उसके वातावरण और समाज का ज्ञान प्राप्त कर दूर किया जा सकता है । समाज के विकास पूरा चक्र मूल्यांकन पर ही निर्भर करता है । किसी विषय - वस्तु की उपयोगिता का निर्णय , मूल्यांकन की निर्णयात्मक प्रक्रिया द्वारा ही लिया सकता है । मूल्याकन सदैव उद्देश्यों के अनुरूप किया जाता है । अतः मूल्यांकन और उद्देश्यों में घनिष्ठ सम्बन्ध होता । शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में किसी बालक ने किन्हीं उद्देश्यों को किस सीमा तक प्राप्त किया है , इसका ज्ञान हमें मूल्यांकन द्वारा ही प्राप्त होता है । इसी के द्वारा शिक्षा - जगत् में बालक ने जो प्रगति की है , उसका ज्ञान प्राप्त होता है ।

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